神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)
腦、脊髓和全身的周圍神經(jīng)共同構(gòu)成神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)又可分成中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)兩個部分。前者包括腦和脊髓，后者由遍布全身的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成，具有聯(lián)系腦、脊髓和身體各部的作用。
神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)是一個非常復雜，可以接受或傳遞大量信息的通訊系統(tǒng)，這個系統(tǒng)易于受損和患病。神經(jīng)變性可以引起阿爾茨海默病或帕金森病，腦和脊髓感染可以引起腦炎或腦膜炎，腦供血中斷可以引起腦卒中，外傷或腫瘤可以引起腦和脊髓結(jié)構(gòu)受損。
目前神經(jīng)生物學領(lǐng)域正處于高速發(fā)展階段，抗體、蛋白、ELISA試劑盒、等作為重要的研究工具，在神經(jīng)細胞標記和神經(jīng)疾病信號通路中發(fā)揮著不可磨滅的作用，華美CUSABIO助力神經(jīng)相關(guān)標志物的研究，本次為大家?guī)砩窠?jīng)元和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞等相關(guān)標志物的總結(jié)，促進您的神經(jīng)生物學科研！
神經(jīng)元——神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和機能單位。主要部分包括樹突、胞體、軸突、細胞膜。樹突形狀似分叉眾多的樹枝，上面散布許多枝狀突起,因此有可能接受來自許多其他細胞的輸入。胞體內(nèi)有細胞核，而且絕大多數(shù)維持細胞生命的細胞器都在其中。軸突為細胞的輸出端，從胞體延伸出來，一般很長。許多軸突由髓鞘包裹，其作用是與其他細胞的信息流絕緣。
根據(jù)神經(jīng)元所釋放的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)不同分類：
- 膽堿能神經(jīng)元
- 多巴胺能神經(jīng)元
- GABAergic神經(jīng)元
- 谷氨酸能神經(jīng)元
- 5-羥色胺能神經(jīng)元
膽堿能神經(jīng)元（Cholinergic neurons）
能合成乙酰膽堿,興奮時能從末梢釋放乙酰膽堿的傳出神經(jīng)稱為膽堿能神經(jīng)。皮層和其他腦區(qū)的膽堿能神經(jīng)元可參與睡眠、運動機能、攻擊行為，特別是學習和記憶等高級功能的調(diào)節(jié)。
相關(guān)靶點：ACHE、CHAT、SLC5A7、SLC18A3
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| AChE |
CSB-E17001Fh |
Fish |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| ACHE |
CSB-E09670h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| AChE |
CSB-E17521m |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates |
| ACHE |
CSB-E11304r |
Rat |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| CHAT |
CSB-E17522h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
Antibody
Protein
多巴胺能神經(jīng)元（Dopaminergic neurons）
多巴胺能神經(jīng)元（dopaminergic neuron）含有并釋放多巴胺作為神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的神經(jīng)元。實驗資料表明，在哺 乳動物各腦區(qū)的含量不同。其中，尾核、殼核內(nèi)含量最高，其次是黑質(zhì)和蒼白球。
相關(guān)靶點：DBH、FOXA2、KCNJ6、LMX1B、NR4A2、PRKN、SLC6A2、SLC6A3、TH、TOR1A
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| DBH |
CSB-E09653h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| NR4A2 |
CSB-EL016063HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| TH |
CSB-E09661h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| TH |
CSB-E17645m |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates |
| TH |
CSB-E13102r |
Rat |
serum, tissue homogenates |
Antibody
Protein
GABA能神經(jīng)元（GABAergic neurons）
GABA是γ-氨基丁酸的簡稱，是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)重要的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)。GABA能神經(jīng)元是指主要以GABA為遞質(zhì)的那部分神經(jīng)細胞。GABA是抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)，對學習和記憶力以及睡眠有影響。
相關(guān)靶點：ABAT、GABBR1、GABBR2、GAD1、GAD2、PPP1R1B、SLC6A1、SLC32A1、SLC6A13
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| GAD1 |
CSB-E09199h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| GAD1 |
CSB-EL009159MO |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| GAD2 |
CSB-E14119h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
Antibody
| Target |
Code |
Species Reactivity |
Application |
| ABAT |
CSB-PA001032ESR1HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| GABBR2 |
CSB-PA009135ESR1HU |
Human |
ELISA |
| GAD1 |
CSB-PA858702ESR2HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| GAD2 |
CSB-PA11159A0Rb |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| PPP1R1B |
CSB-PA880070DSR1HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| SLC32A1 |
CSB-PA863984LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| SLC6A13 |
CSB-PA889104LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
Protein
谷氨酸能神經(jīng)元（Glutamatergic neurons）
谷氨酸能神經(jīng)元是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)最為重要的興奮性神經(jīng)元。當神經(jīng)元中谷氨酸被囊泡谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運體(vesicular glutamate transporters,VGLUTs)轉(zhuǎn)運進入突觸囊泡(synaptic vesicle),突觸囊泡再與突觸前膜融合后,谷氨酸才能被釋放到突觸間隙中并作為神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)發(fā)揮作用,才可以確定該神經(jīng)元是谷氨酸能的。
相關(guān)靶點：FOLH1、GOT1、GRIN1、GRIN2B、HDLBP、SLC17A8、GLS、SLC1A1、SLC14A2、SLC1A6、SLC17A6、SLC17A7
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| FOLH1 |
CSB-EL008782HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| GOT1 |
CSB-E09603h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| GOT1 |
CSB-E13023r |
Rat |
serum, plasma |
| GRIN1 |
CSB-EL009911HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| GRIN2B |
CSB-EL009913MO |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
Antibody
| Target |
Code |
Species Reactivity |
Application |
| FOLH1 |
CSB-PA11729A0Rb |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| GLS |
CSB-PA009528DA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| GOT1 |
CSB-PA009679HA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| GRIN1 |
CSB-PA009911LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IF |
| GRIN2B |
CSB-PA615671DSR2HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| SLC1A6 |
CSB-PA021437LA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IF |
Protein
5-羥色胺能神經(jīng)元（Serotonergic neurons）
5-羥色胺最早是從血清中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，又名血清素，廣泛存在于哺乳動物組織中，特別在大腦皮層質(zhì)及神經(jīng)突觸內(nèi)含量很高，它也是一種抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)。在外周組織，5-羥色胺是一種強血管收縮劑和平滑肌收縮刺激劑。在體內(nèi)，5-羥色胺可以經(jīng)單胺氧化酶催化成5-羥色醛以及5-羥吲哚乙酸而隨尿液排出體外。
相關(guān)靶點：FEV、SLC6A4、TPH2
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| TPH2 |
CSB-EL024101RA |
Rat |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
Antibody
Protein
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Source |
| TPH2 |
CSB-CF809000HU |
Homo sapiens |
in vitro E.coli expression system |
神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞
也稱神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)，是廣泛分布于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的，除了神經(jīng)元以外的所有細胞，在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中數(shù)量大約是神經(jīng)元的十倍。具有支持、滋養(yǎng)神經(jīng)元的作用，也有吸收和調(diào)節(jié)某些活性物質(zhì)的功能。
神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞分類：
- 星形膠質(zhì)細胞
- 小膠質(zhì)細胞
- 少突膠質(zhì)細胞
星形膠質(zhì)細胞（Astrocyte）
最大的神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞，胞體直徑3-5微米，核呈圓球形常位于中央，淡染。它有許多長突起，其中一個或幾個伸向鄰近的毛細血管，突起的末端膨大形成血管足突，圍繞血管的內(nèi)皮基膜形成一層膠質(zhì)膜。星形細胞又分為原漿型和纖維型兩種。
相關(guān)靶點：ALDH1L1、ATP1A3、BIRC5、CORO1A、GAP43、GFRA1、GFRA2、GFRA3、GFRA4、GFAP、ITGAM、PINK1、SLC1A2、LGALS3、SLC7A11、SOX2、S100B、TNFRSF19、TUBB3、VIM
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| GAP43 |
CSB-EL009231RA |
Rat |
serum, plasma, cell lysates, tissue homogenates |
| GFAP |
CSB-E08601h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| GFAP |
CSB-E08603m |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| ITGAM |
CSB-E11638h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| LGALS3 |
CSB-E11807h |
Human |
serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates, saliva |
| LGALS3 |
CSB-E14296m |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| LGALS3 |
CSB-EL012887RA |
Rat |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| S100B |
CSB-EL020643DO |
Dog |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates
|
| S100B |
CSB-E08065h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| S100B |
CSB-EL020643MO |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| S100B |
CSB-E06895Rb |
Rabbit |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| TUBB3 |
CSB-E14121h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| VIM |
CSB-E08982h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
Antibody
| Target |
Code |
Species Reactivity |
Application |
| BIRC5 |
CSB-PA07249A0Rb |
Human |
ELISA, IF |
| CORO1A |
CSB-PA005813LA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| GAP43 |
CSB-PA009231DSR1HU |
Human |
ELISA |
| GFAP |
CSB-PA009369LA01HU |
Human, Mouse, Rat |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| GFRA1 |
CSB-PA009379LA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| GFRA2 |
CSB-PA009380LA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IF |
| GFRA3 |
CSB-PA009381LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| ITGAM |
CSB-PA011876LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| LGALS3 |
CSB-PA012887YA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| PINK1 |
CSB-PA863144LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| SLC1A2 |
CSB-PA021433LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| SOX2 |
CSB-PA16539A0Rb |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| TNFRSF19 |
CSB-PA878878LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IF |
| TUBB3 |
CSB-PA03879A0Rb |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| VIM |
CSB-PA025857LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
Protein
小膠質(zhì)細胞（Microglia）
體小致密呈長形。核中染色質(zhì)甚濃，核隨細胞體的長軸亦呈長形。小膠質(zhì)細胞的數(shù)量雖不多，但在灰、白質(zhì)中都有，有些吞噬的小膠質(zhì)細胞顯然來自血細胞的生成中的單核細胞干細胞，而不是神經(jīng)起源的，在受傷后出現(xiàn)許多侵入的噬食細胞。
相關(guān)靶點：AIF1、CD40LG、CD68、PTPRC、SLC2A5
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| AIF1 |
CSB-EL001490HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| AIF1 |
CSB-EL001490MO |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| CD40LG |
CSB-E04716h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| CD40LG |
CSB-E07395r |
Rat |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| CD40LG |
CSB-E04717m |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates |
| CD68 |
CSB-E15979h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
Antibody
Protein
少突膠質(zhì)細胞（Oligodendrocyte）
比星形細胞小，直徑1-3微米，突起也比其他膠質(zhì)細胞少而短，無血管足，胞漿中不生成纖維，但較星形細胞有更多的線粒體。中樞神經(jīng)組織的髓鞘是由少突細胞突起形成的，因此，其功能與外周神經(jīng)的許旺氏細胞相同。少突膠質(zhì)細胞的主要功能是在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中包繞軸突、形成絕緣的髓鞘結(jié)構(gòu)、協(xié)助生物電信號的跳躍式高效傳遞并維持和保護神經(jīng)元的正常功能。
相關(guān)靶點：ABCA2、CLDN11、CNP、CNTNAP2、GALC、MAG、MBP、OLIG1、OLIG2、OLIG3、OMG、PDGFRA、RANGRF、RNF5、RTN4R、SOX10
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| MAG |
CSB-E17901h |
Human |
serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| MBP |
CSB-E08283h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates |
| MBP |
CSB-E08285m |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| MBP |
CSB-E08284r |
Rat |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| OMG |
CSB-EL016334HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| PDGFRA |
CSB-E04699m |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
Antibody
| Target |
Code |
Species Reactivity |
Application |
| ABCA2 |
CSB-PA887172LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| CNP |
CSB-PA21939A0Rb |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| CNTNAP2 |
CSB-PA887030ESR2HU |
Human |
ELISA |
| MAG |
CSB-PA013322LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| MBP |
CSB-PA013551LA01HU |
Human, Mouse, Rat |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| OLIG1 |
CSB-PA016328YA01HU |
Human, Mouse, Rat |
ELISA, WB |
| OMG |
CSB-PA016334ESR2HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| PDGFRA |
CSB-PA017712LA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IF |
| RNF5 |
CSB-PA857879DSR2HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| RTN4R |
CSB-PA880152ESR1HU |
Human |
ELISA |
Protein
神經(jīng)干細胞（Neural Stem Cell）
是一類具有分裂潛能和自更新能力的母細胞，存在于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中，具有分化為神經(jīng)元、星形膠質(zhì)細胞和少突膠質(zhì)細胞的潛能，從而能夠產(chǎn)生大量腦細胞組織，并能進行自我更新，并足以提供大量腦組織細胞的細胞群。
Kit
| Target |
Code |
Species |
Sample types |
| ABCG2 |
CSB-E11251h |
Human |
serum, plasma, cell lysates, cell culture supernates |
| BMI1 |
CSB-EL002726HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| CDH2 |
CSB-E09718h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| CTNNB1 |
CSB-E08963h |
Human |
serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| CTNNB1 |
CSB-E11307m |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| CXCR4 |
CSB-E12825h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| CXCR4 |
CSB-E12703r |
Rat |
serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates |
| FABP3 |
CSB-E09185h |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| FABP3 |
CSB-E16184r |
Rat |
serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates |
| NOG |
CSB-EL015917HU |
Human |
serum, plasma |
| NOG |
CSB-EL015917MO |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates |
| NOTCH1 |
CSB-EL015949HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| PAX6 |
CSB-EL017492MO |
Mouse |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates |
| SFRP2 |
CSB-EL021139HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
| SMARCA4 |
CSB-EL021801HU |
Human |
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates |
Antibody
| Target |
Code |
Species Reactivity |
Application |
| ABCG2 |
CSB-PA891568LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IF |
| ASCL1 |
CSB-PA002199LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| BMI1 |
CSB-PA03345A0Rb |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| CALCR |
CSB-PA004439ESR1HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| CDCP1 |
CSB-PA884474ESR2HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| CDH2 |
CSB-PA005045LA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IF |
| CTNNB1 |
CSB-PA00174A0Rb |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF, IP |
| CXCR4 |
CSB-PA006254YA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| FABP3 |
CSB-PA07764A0Rb |
Human, Mouse, Rat |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| FABP7 |
CSB-PA007956LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| FGFR4 |
CSB-PA008648LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| FOXD3 |
CSB-PA890729LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| FZD9 |
CSB-PA009112LA01HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| GATA2 |
CSB-PA340572ESR1HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| GNL3 |
CSB-PA874819ESR2HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| HOXB1 |
CSB-PA010660ESR1HU |
Human |
ELISA |
| ID2 |
CSB-PA010967LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| LRTM1 |
CSB-PA884513LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| MSI1 |
CSB-PA015033LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| MSI2 |
CSB-PA836197ESR2HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| MSX1 |
CSB-PA015068LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| NES |
CSB-PA015713YA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| NEUROD1 |
CSB-PA615700LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IF |
| NOG |
CSB-PA015917LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| NOTCH1 |
CSB-PA015949LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| NOTCH2 |
CSB-PA015950LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| NR2F1 |
CSB-PA016056LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB |
| NUMB |
CSB-PA016186DSR2HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB |
| OTX2 |
CSB-PA017299LA01HU |
Human, Mouse, Zebrafish |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| PAX3 |
CSB-PA017489HA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC, IF |
| PAX6 |
CSB-PA017492DSR2HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| PRKCZ |
CSB-PA15889A0Rb |
Human |
ELISA, IF |
| PROM1 |
CSB-PA018751LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| ROR2 |
CSB-PA21119A0Rb |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| RUNX1 |
CSB-PA862035LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IF |
| SFRP2 |
CSB-PA021139LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IF |
| SLAIN1 |
CSB-PA850864LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| SLC2A1 |
CSB-PA021546ESR2HU |
Human, Mouse |
ELISA, WB, IHC |
| SMARCA4 |
CSB-PA021801LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| SOX11 |
CSB-PA022419LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
| SOX21 |
CSB-PA896749LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IF |
| SOX9 |
CSB-PA022437LA01HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC, IF |
| TRAF4 |
CSB-PA024152ESR1HU |
Human |
ELISA, IHC |
Protein
