Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)是一種多肽蛋白質(zhì)，它由肝臟合成，并受到生長(zhǎng)激素（GH）的調(diào)節(jié)。IGF1在胚胎和兒童的生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)育中起著重要作用，也在成年后維持生理功能和細(xì)胞增殖、分化和存活中發(fā)揮重要作用。

The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb. Acts as a ligand for IGF1R. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1.

1. Study shows that insulin-like growth factor-1 potentiates sensory innervation signaling by modulating the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance. PMID: 28276453
2. The article data suggest that 14 days under a 16:8 light-dark extended sleep photoperiod respectively down- and upregulated cortical adenosine AR and IGF-I levels in rats. PMID: 29149028
3. suckling induces IGF-1 release either by elevating prolactin or growth hormone PMID: 29031906
4. The endogenous growth hormone and IGF-1 were involved in the therapeutic effect of exogenous ghrelin in the healing of gingival mucosa damage. PMID: 29151078
5. IgA enhances the IGF-1 activity in Glomerular Mesangial Cells via stimulation of IGF-1receptor gene transcription and suggest a role for IGF-1 in pathogenesis of IgA-Induced Nephropathy. PMID: 28668953
6. NGF protects GECs against IND-induced injury. Mitochondria are major targets of both INDO-induced injury and NGF afforded protection of GECs. TrkA expression in the mitochondria of GECs indicates that the protection afforded by NGF is partly mediated by its direct action on mitochondria. NGF prevents MMP depolarization and increases expression of IGF-1 protein in GECs. PMID: 28843696
7. study revealed that only BMP-6 was able to induce bone formation at the used dose and that the addition of IGF-1 contributed to an increase of the mineralization in the implants. Hence, the combination of BMP-6 with IGF-1 might be a better alternative than BMP-2 for orthopedic surgery or bone tissue engineering approaches. PMID: 28256809
8. glutamate, by blocking IGF-1-mediated neuroprotection, could cause the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in the hypoxic neonatal retina. PMID: 27180072
9. Following exercise, IGF-1 expression is increased in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. PMID: 28179125
10. Results indicate that a history of early adversity can evoke persistent changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and muscle mitochondrial function and content, which could serve to enhance predisposition for metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. PMID: 27196416
11. The study findings show that IGF-1 and the local renin-angiotensin system interact to inhibit or activate neuroinflammation (i.e. transition from the M1 to the M2 phenotype), oxidative stress and dopaminergic degeneration. PMID: 27167199
12. Self-Assembled Heterojunction Carbon Nanotubes Synergizing with Photoimmobilized IGF-1 Inhibit Cellular Senescence. PMID: 27385628
13. Enhanced study of the role of IIS pathway and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate aging may facilitate progressive prevention and treatment of human age-related diseases. PMID: 28101820
14. Collectively, the results indicate that androgen and IGF-I mutually interact and accelerate progesterone production, at least in part, by regulating endogenous BMP signaling in rat granulosa cells. PMID: 28684382
15. Early IGF-1 primes visual cortex maturation and accelerates developmental switch between NKCC1 and KCC2 chloride transporters in enriched animals. Early enrichment and IGF-1 administration produced a decrease in the ratio between NKCC1 and KCC2 cation/chloride transporters, suggesting that enrichment, via IGF-1, may hasten the developmental switch of neuronal GABAergic responses from excitation to inhibition. PMID: 26924708
16. Our study suggests that miR-29 downregulation, through its inverse regulation on downstream target of IGF1 gene, is a pro-angiogenic factor in MMEVC in type 2 diabetic rats. PMID: 28315330
17. Data suggest Igf1 participates in neuroprotection of dorsal root ganglion neurons against toxic effects of environmental pollutants such as flame retardant BDE-209, a halogenated diphenyl ether; Igf1 promotes neurite outgrowth/cell viability and inhibits oxidative stress/apoptosis; Igf1 regulates expression of GAP-43 (growth-associated protein 43) and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) in opposition to BDE-209. PMID: 27090441
18. IGF-1 activates ERalpha in ligand-independent manner in the hippocampus via phosphorylation at S118 resulting in increased association of ERalpha with steroid receptor coactivator 1 and elevation of ER-regulated proteins. PMID: 27254005
19. Insulin growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5), insulin growth factor (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) in the type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) play a key role in lung injury caused by bleomycin and pioglitazone attenuates the lung injury/fibrosis by restoring IGFBP-5 and IGF-1 and decreasing TGF-beta1 expressions in the type II AECs. PMID: 28077319
20. Pappa has been shown to positively regulate the IGF signaling pathway, which is required for proper mammary gland/breast development and is of increasing interest in breast cancer pathogenesis. Mcs5c-mediated regulation of Pappa appears to occur through age-dependent and mammary gland-specific chromatin looping, as well as genotype-dependent CpG island shore methylation PMID: 27537370
21. Data suggest that Igf1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) plays role in neuroprotection of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons; Igf1 improves neuronal cell viability and promotes neurite growth via neuron-specific mechanisms (sensory neurons vs. neurofilament neurons). Here, Igf1 is involved in attenuation of apoptosis of DRG neurons in an in vitro model of microtubule modulator- (paclitaxel-)induced neurotoxicity. PMID: 25136768
22. This study suggests that an obvious decrease in cavernous IGF-1 levels might play an important role in spontaneously hypertensive rats with erectile dysfunction. PMID: 26762757
23. Data show that endogenous interleukins IL-27 and IL-35 (Ebi3 and Il-12p35 subunits) had inflammatory roles and insulin like growth factor -1 (IGF-1) had no effect. PMID: 26994309
24. This study demonstrated that the Glucose metabolism and hepatic Igf1 DNA methylation are altered in the offspring of dams fed a low-salt diet during pregnancy. PMID: 26596702
25. Salidroside hase cardioprotective effects in rats subjected to LPS-induced sepsis, probably through regulation of IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta signaling. PMID: 26104971
26. physiological levels of GH rapidly and potently activate Igf1 gene transcription while stimulating physical interactions in chromatin between inducible Stat5b-binding elements and the Igf1 promoters PMID: 26330488
27. Prenatal ethanol exposure enhances the susceptibility to osteoarthritis in female adult rat offspring by down-regulating IGF-1 signaling and retarding articular cartilage development. PMID: 26434683
28. Data suggest FSH and IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) PI3K signaling pathways in granulosa cells converge at IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1), requiring PKA (cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase) and PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) to regulate IRS1. PMID: 26702053
29. PNE increases the susceptibility of adult offspring to OA; the potential mechanism involves IGF1 low-functional programming in articular cartilage caused directly by the action of nicotine on alpha4beta2-nAChR PMID: 26499267
30. Downregulation of IGF1 by the introduction of miR-1 attenuated the proliferation of the vascular smooth muscle cells, suggesting that IGF1 is a target gene of miR-1 and that the effects of miR-1 are mediated through IGF1. PMID: 26166810
31. data clearly indicate that IGF-1 plays a key-role in cortical plastic mechanisms and in behavioral alterations induced by a decrease in sensorimotor activity. PMID: 25958232
32. Resveratrol reduced Igf1 levels in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 25667201
33. Findings suggest the possibility that insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling may be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of enriched environment in optimizing recovery following cerebral ischaemic injury. PMID: 24750178
34. The IGF-1 inhibits the DM-induced colonic SMC apoptosis and might be involved in the alleviation of colonic dysmotility in diabetic rats. PMID: 25450576
35. IGF1 and IGF2 are regulated in an organ-specific way in diabetic rats PMID: 25268143
36. Results indicate that increased IGF-1 levels after recurrent hippocampal neuronal firings might, in turn, promote seizure activity via IGF-1R-dependent mechanisms. PMID: 26286172
37. DHT suppresses the PGE2 and TGF-beta induced IGF-I gene promoter and differentiates other aspects of TGF-beta activity in osteoblasts PMID: 26187065
38. Nutritional restoration after weaning (post liver differentiation) in maternal protein restriction rat offspring fails to prevent long-term impaired growth, in part, due to miR-29 suppression of hepatic Igf1 expression. PMID: 26151354
39. study reports on a novel functional crosstalk between the IGF-1 and MSTN signaling pathways, as mediated through interaction between PI3K/Akt and Smad3 PMID: 26151859
40. IGF-1 transgene facilitated the differentiation of spinal cord-derived neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes intended for spinal cord injury via the ERK1/2 pathway. PMID: 25162639
41. Transplantation of BMSCs transfected with IGF-1 gene can promote fracture healing of rats with diabetes PMID: 25666965
42. These results suggest that IGF-1 might contribute to cortical and striatal plasticity induced by a chronic sensorimotor restriction. PMID: 25226394
43. Developmental and IUGR-induced DNA methylation occurred in a growth hormone response element site on the IGF-1 gene, CpG site-, and sex-specific manner. PMID: 25466885
44. Lactoferrin (10 and 100 mug/mL) effectively inhibits apoptosis of primary rat osteoblasts by upregulating IGF-I expression. PMID: 24562308
45. Our findings suggest that IGF-1 inhibits cells apoptosis in PASMC by activating the p38 MAPK-iNOS transduction pathway. PMID: 24673524
46. reduced insulin secretion during protein restriction directly increased hepatic IRS-2 as a rapid response on day 1, while additional mechanisms contributed to the upregulation of IRS-2 on day 7 PMID: 25036495
47. igf1 serum concentration fell, with a modification of GH daily pattern after mealtime PMID: 24617825
48. MGF-Ct24E has a marked ability to increase bone formation by increasing cell proliferation and delaying cell differentiation during prophase, as well as by stimulating osteoblast differentiation during the advanced stage PMID: 24033831
49. Circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP3 levels and hepatic mRNA expression of IGFBP1 and IGFBP2 were significantly decreased in maternal undernutrition and high fat offspring PMID: 23963811
50. Endothelial insulin-like growth factor-1 modulates proliferation and phenotype of smooth muscle cells induced by low shear stress. PMID: 24322591

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Secreted.

Insulin family

KEGG: rno:24482

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000005995

UniGene: Rn.201887