VEGF-A（vascular endothelial growth factor-A）是一種重要的血管生成促進因子，可促進內皮細胞增殖和血管新生。其最新研究進展包括：在肝癌和腎癌中的高表達與預后不良相關，抗VEGF-A藥物如貝伐單抗已被用于這些腫瘤的治療。此外，最近的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)VEGF-A在血液和腎臟疾病中也起著重要的作用，如腎小球腎炎、糖尿病腎病等。

Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. May play a role in increasing vascular permeability during lactation, when increased transport of molecules from the blood is required for efficient milk protein synthesis. Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development.

1. Study using Hcar1-KO mice identified the lactate receptor Hcar1 as a key regulator of Vegf and angiogenesis in the brain and as an initial mediator of cerebral effects of physical exercise. PMID: 28534495
2. Motor neurons control blood vessel patterning by an autocrine mechanism that titrates motor neuron-derived VEGF via their own expression of sFlt1. PMID: 28262664
3. Targeting NLRP3 shifts the VEGF-A-induced cardiac hypertrophy from a pathologic toward a more physiologic hypertrophy. PMID: 29146733
4. T3 thyroid hormone stimulates the expression and secretion of VEGF by Leydig cells PMID: 29417848
5. Dexamethasone suppressed mRNA VEGF expression and VEGF production in cortical cells while in medullar cells only VEGF production was reduced. Introduction of IL-7, IL-1b or murine thymocytes increased while addition of Semaphorin 3A, SDF-1a or ACTH decreased VEGF production by cortical epithelial cells with no influence on medullar cells. PMID: 30192114
6. lack of endogenous PTH may reduce VEGF expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsderived osteoblasts. PMID: 29620150
7. Upregulation of podocyte VEGF decreased the number of mesangial cells via inhibition of PDGF-B-mediated signaling. PMID: 28776225
8. These data provide a new pathological perspective on cerebellar astrogliosis in Niemann-Pick type C disease and suggest the importance of VEGF as a therapeutic target for this disease. PMID: 29397865
9. leukocyte domiciled midkine mediates increased plasma levels of VEGFA relevant for upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase 1 and 3 PMID: 29233575
10. Mesenchymal stem cells secrete VEGF which in turn mediates the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells into endothelial cells. PMID: 29138837
11. This study showed that the quantity of VEGF in the glioma microenvironment seems to be crucial for the participation of microglia/macrophages on tumor progression. PMID: 28948650
12. AK131850 directly competed miR-93-5p in N-OC and M-OC through sponge, thereby increasing VEGFa transcription, expression and secretion through derepressing of miR-93-5p on VEGFa. PMID: 29590659
13. miR203 expression may be upregulated by IL17 stimulation, and miR203 is a positive regulator of IL17induced VEGF secretion. PMID: 29039484
14. NF-kappaBmiR15abFGF/VEGFA axis contributes to the impaired angiogenic capacity of bone marrowmesenchymal stem cells in high fat dietfed mice. PMID: 28944834
15. Results support the idea that excess heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) leads to a significant elevation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ventricular dilatation. These data suggest a potential pathophysiological mechanism that elevated HB-EGF can elicit VEGF induction and hydrocephalus. PMID: 27243144
16. Over-expression of VEGF-A165b is protective against proteinuria in a mouse model with progressive depletion of all endogenous VEGF-A splice isoforms from the kidney. PMID: 28574576
17. The present data suggest that Ischemic preconditioning transiently increases plasma VEGF levels by downregulating miR-762 and miR-3072-5p in CD34-positive BM cells, leading to protection against organ ischemia. PMID: 27905554
18. findings are the first to demonstrate the importance of CdGAP in embryonic vascular development and VEGF-induced signaling, and highlight CdGAP as a potential therapeutic target to treat pathological angiogenesis and vascular dysfunction PMID: 27270835
19. VEGF165 induces differentiation of hair follicle stem cells into endothelial cells and plays a role in in vivo angiogenesis. PMID: 28244687
20. TGF-beta1/TbetaRII/Smad3 signaling pathway increased VEGF expression in in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs can promote the tumor angiogenesis by secreting VEGF. PMID: 29462614
21. VEGF causes extensive neural stem cell (NSC) remodelling manifested in transition of the enigmatic NSC terminal arbor onto long cytoplasmic processes engaging with and spreading over even remote blood vessels, a configuration reminiscent of early postnatal "juvenile" NSCs. PMID: 27849577
22. effect of dox on VEGF-A levels might at least partly explain its previously reported beneficial effects on myocardial and brain ischemia. Also, this effect on VEGF-A should be taken into account in all studies using dox-regulated vectors PMID: 29351307
23. Genetic depletion experiments revealed that VEGFR2, but not VEGFR3, is indispensable for maintenance of thyroid vascular integrity. Notably, blockade of VEGF-A or VEGFR2 not only abrogated vascular remodeling but also inhibited follicular hypertrophy, which led to the reduction of thyroid weights during goitrogenesis. PMID: 28438786
24. Findings suggest that VEGF gene expression can be suppressed by TNFSF15-stimulated activation of the JNK-GATA3 signaling pathway which gives rise to up-regulation of miR-29b. PMID: 27589684
25. The low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) Tinzaparin inhibited Von Willebrand factor (VWF) fiber formation and vessel occlusion in tumor vessels by blocking thrombin-induced endothelial cells (ECs) activation and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-mediated VWF release. PMID: 27602496
26. These data suggest that VEGF expressed by skeletal myofibers may directly or indirectly regulate both hippocampal blood flow and neurogenesis. PMID: 28597506
27. Results show that apoE4-driven brain pathology and cognitive impairments in young apoE4 TR mice are associated with down regulation of the VEGF system and can be reversed by upregulation of the expression of VEGF in the hippocampus. These animal model findings suggest that the VEGF system is a promising target for the treatment of apoE4 carriers in Alzheimers disease. PMID: 27372644
28. It was shown that peritoneal macrophages are the main suppliers of VEGF at tumor angiogenesis, as evidenced by the data obtained on model system of endothelial cells synchronized in G0/G1 phase. PMID: 29235752
29. these results uncover a novel role for VEGF in controlling proper allocation of Isl1(+) cardiac progenitors to their respective descending lineages PMID: 27794491
30. endothelial master transcription factor ETS1 promotes global RNAPII pause release, and that this process is governed by VEGF PMID: 28851877
31. Results provide evidence that VEGF derived from Osx+ osteoblast progenitor cells is required for optimal ossification of developing mandibular bones and modulates mechanisms controlling BMP-dependent specification and expansion of the jaw mesenchyme. PMID: 26899202
32. The MDA-induced VEGF increase was inhibited by autophagy-lysosomal inhibitors. Intravitreal MDA injection in mice increased laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (laser-CNV) volumes. In a mouse model fed a high-linoleic acid diet for 3 months, we found a significant increase in MDA levels, autophagic activity, and laser-CNV volumes PMID: 26923802
33. deletion of AT2 receptor reduced SHP-1 activity and restored VEGF actions, leading to an increased blood flow reperfusion after ischemia in diabetes mellitus. PMID: 29074590
34. ata indicate that the HIF-1alpha/VEGF-A axis is an essential aspect of tumor immunity. PMID: 29136509
35. It has been concluded that stimulation of VEGF release is a key factor in the promotion of macrophage proliferation by ceramide 1-phosphate. PMID: 29080796
36. 8-Br-cAMP-induced cell-secreted VEGF is biologically active and may promote angiogenesis PMID: 24493289
37. results suggested that the combination of nCS (to support bone formation) with a fibrin-based VEGF/FGF9 release system (support vascular formation) is an innovative and effective strategy that significantly enhanced ectopic bone formation in vivo. PMID: 27269204
38. Astrocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is known to induce BBB dysfunction.(review) PMID: 28966265
39. CRP can upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression by activating hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in ADSCs. PMID: 27526687
40. VEGF and IGF1 were critical factors for the spontaneous cardiac differentiation of BATDCs, and MEK/ERK signaling was involved in the role of VEGF and IGF1. PMID: 27870972
41. Distal retinal ganglion cell axon transport loss and activation of p38 MAPK stress pathway following VEGF-A antagonism have been documented. PMID: 27148685
42. The neuroprotection observed in ColXV KO mice may be attributed to the increased VEGF-A production following stroke in the ischemic territory. PMID: 28079884
43. VEGF protein levels were also higher in the ipsilateral hemisphere of WT mice compared to Par-1 KO mice after glioma cell implantation. PMID: 26463974
44. the importance of VEGF derived from tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells for initiating vascularization in gliomas PMID: 26951383
45. Low VEGF expression is associated with liver fibrosis. PMID: 28118605
46. We conclude that HIF-1 is not a major regulator of Vegfa expression during wound healing; rather, it serves to maintain basal levels of expression of Vegfa and its target genes in intact skin, which are required for optimal granulation tissue formation in response to wounding. PMID: 28686658
47. Mechanical strain stimulates vasculogenesis of embryonic stem cells by the intracellular messengers ROS, NO and calcium as well as by upregulation of angiogenesis guidance molecules and the angiogenic growth factors VEGF, FGF-2 and PDGF-BB. PMID: 27725190
48. This study identifies YAP/TAZ as central mediators of VEGF signaling PMID: 28867486
49. Ectopic midline vascularisation in endothelial Nrp1 and Vegfa(188/188) mutants caused additional axonal exclusion zones within the chiasm. PMID: 28676569
50. VEGF inhibition decreases local CFH and other complement regulators in the eye and kidney through reduced VEGFR2/PKC-alpha/CREB signaling. PMID: 27918307

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[Isoform VEGF-1]: Secreted.; [Isoform VEGF-2]: Secreted.; [Isoform VEGF-3]: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Remains cell-surface associated unless released by heparin.

PDGF/VEGF growth factor family

In developing embryos, expressed mainly in the choroid plexus, paraventricular neuroepithelium, placenta and kidney glomeruli. Also found in bronchial epithelium, adrenal gland and in seminiferous tubules of testis. High expression of VEGF continues in ki

KEGG: mmu:22339

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000115883

UniGene: Mm.282184