干擾素γ(IFN-γ)是一種重要的免疫細胞因子，參與調(diào)節(jié)多種免疫反應，包括細胞免疫和體液免疫。最近的研究表明，IFN-γ在許多疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用，例如腫瘤、感染、自身免疫性疾病等。此外，IFN-γ還可以通過調(diào)節(jié)腸道微生物組成和免疫應答等機制影響腸道健康。

Type II interferon produced by immune cells such as T-cells and NK cells that plays crucial roles in antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor responses by activating effector immune cells and enhancing antigen presentation. Primarily signals through the JAK-STAT pathway after interaction with its receptor IFNGR1 to affect gene regulation. Upon IFNG binding, IFNGR1 intracellular domain opens out to allow association of downstream signaling components JAK2, JAK1 and STAT1, leading to STAT1 activation, nuclear translocation and transcription of IFNG-regulated genes. Many of the induced genes are transcription factors such as IRF1 that are able to further drive regulation of a next wave of transcription. Plays a role in class I antigen presentation pathway by inducing a replacement of catalytic proteasome subunits with immunoproteasome subunits. In turn, increases the quantity, quality, and repertoire of peptides for class I MHC loading. Increases the efficiency of peptide generation also by inducing the expression of activator PA28 that associates with the proteasome and alters its proteolytic cleavage preference. Up-regulates as well MHC II complexes on the cell surface by promoting expression of several key molecules such as cathepsins B/CTSB, H/CTSH, and L/CTSL. Participates in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells during development and under homeostatic conditions by affecting their development, quiescence, and differentiation.

1. Data show that interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (Itk)negatively regulates the development of nTh1 cells that express interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in a T-bet transcription factor (Tbet) independent manner. PMID: 28406139
2. demonstrate in vivo that the conditional overexpression of Ifng in metanephric mesenchymal (MM) progenitors results in renal agenesis or hypoplasia. Cell death was observed in and around the MM region of E10.5-11.5 mutants where Ifng was constitutively expressed during early kidney development and resulted in retardation of branching morphogenesis. Expression of Sall1 was decreased in the MM of mutant kidneys. PMID: 29771971
3. Data confirm Ifng as robust supporter of immune responses against tumors; here, mice treated with Chlorella vulgaris probiotic supposed as anti-carcinogen against mammary tumor, instead tumors in treated group exhibit more malignant phenotype and lower peri-tumoral neutrophil and macrophage-to-lymphocyte infiltration ratio compared to control mice; decline in serum Ifng levels correlated with tumor growth. PMID: 28229276
4. In interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-deficient mice, Akkermansia muciniphila is significantly increased and restoration of IFNgamma levels reduces A. muciniphila abundance. PMID: 27841267
5. this study shows the positive effects of Ifng on the early-stage differentiation and negative effects on the calcification of primary osteoblasts in vitro PMID: 29438885
6. these data support the novel concept that IFN-gamma can have a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of influenza through a restriction in innate lymphoid cell group II activity PMID: 28513592
7. IFN-gamma-iNOS axis are an essential pathway in the pathogenesis of arenavirus hemorrhagic fever. PMID: 28826838
8. IFN-gamma can promote cancer immunoevasion. (Review) PMID: 29283429
9. IRF-1 may be at the nexus of the interplay between IFN-gamma and IL-6 in exacerbating a xenobiotic-induced inflammatory response, regulation of interferon responsive genes and autoimmunity PMID: 28453771
10. an enhanced expression of PD-L1 was observed besides an increased production of IFN-gamma by TH2 cells. PMID: 28917991
11. Phosphorylation of T-bet by RSK2 is required for IFNgamma expression for attenuation of colon cancer metastasis and growth. PMID: 29133416
12. SNX8 mediates IFNG-triggered non-canonical signaling pathway and host defense against Listeria monocytogenes. PMID: 29180417
13. The complex role of IFN-gamma in autoimmunity and cholangitis.IFN-gamma induces IL-30 production which suppresses IFN-gamma mediated liver inflammation. PMID: 27721424
14. this study shows that IFN-gamma promotes transendothelial migration of CD4(+) T cells across the blood-brain barrier PMID: 28682305
15. Addition of a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) to the culture supernatant of stimulated splenocytes decreased Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) concentration. PMID: 27573075
16. a significant increase in plasma levels of IL-2, IFN-g and TNF-g was revealed as assessed by ELISA. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that MENK has a cytotoxic effect on B16 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and suggest a potential mechanism for these bioactivities. PMID: 28849104
17. the protective effect on metastasis was lost upon patrolling monocyte or NK cell depletion, IL15 neutralization, or IFNgamma ablation. The combined analysis of these approaches allowed us to establish a hierarchy in which patrolling monocytes, making IL15 in response to primary tumors, activate NK cells and IFNg production that then inhibit lung metastasis formation. PMID: 28811289
18. Interferon-gamma derived from cytotoxic lymphocytes directly enhances their motility and cytotoxicity. PMID: 28569770
19. this paper shows that interferon-gamma deficiency protects against aging-related goblet cell loss PMID: 27623073
20. IL-15 induces the activation and survival of effector immune cells that are necessary for its antitumoral activity; but, long-term exposure to IL-15 is associated with the development of important side effects mainly mediated by IFN-gamma-producing T-cells PMID: 27356750
21. Arid5a deficiency resulted in decreased levels of IFN-gamma under Th1 cell conditions, in which T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) mRNA expression was inhibited. PMID: 27671645
22. High dilutions of antimony modulate cytokines production and macrophage - Leishmania (L.) amazonensis interaction in vitro.( PMID: 28092793
23. these findings highlight critical roles for IFN-gamma and IL-27 in the mechanism of respiratory syncytial virus-induced exacerbation PMID: 29167232
24. MyD88 signaling in myeloid and dendritic cells is dispensable for IFN-gamma-dependent control of type A F. tularensis infection. PMID: 28951422
25. spleen-derived IFN-gamma induces generation of PD-L1(+)-suppressive neutrophils. PMID: 28974543
26. These results suggest that IL-17A plays an important role in host survival against Toxoplasma gondii infection by protecting the host from an anaphylactic reaction via the downregulation of Toxoplasma gondii HSP70 and IFN-gamma production. PMID: 28893913
27. Stat3 mediates the expression of iNOS to promote IFNgamma/TNFalpha-induced muscle atrophy. PMID: 28264935
28. NFAT5 can modulate different T-cell responses depending on stress conditions and stimulatory context. PMID: 27479742
29. we identify interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as the key inflammatory mediator controlling sortilin-1 levels PMID: 28742217
30. this study shows that IFN-gamma induction by neutrophil-derived IL-17A homodimer augments pulmonary antibacterial defense PMID: 26349661
31. IFNG mediates experimental cerebral malaria by signaling within both the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments. PMID: 28874445
32. identified TIM-4 as a novel marker for B effector 1 (Be1) cells that depend on IFN-gamma for their proinflammatory activity; TIM-4(+) B cells are enriched for IFN-gamma-producing proinflammatory Be1 cells that enhance immune responsiveness and can be specifically targeted with anti-TIM-4. PMID: 28848066
33. results demonstrate that a population of Thy1.2(+) non-NK innate-like cells present in the liver expresses IFN-gamma and can confer protection against M. avium infection in immunocompromised mice PMID: 28687660
34. Using IFN-gamma-deficient Th17 cells, study demonstrates the disease-amplifying role of Th17-derived IFN-gamma in dry eye disease pathogenesis. These results clearly demonstrate that Th17 cells mediate ocular surface autoimmunity through both IL-17A and IFN-gamma. PMID: 28637904
35. IFNgamma is captured by phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of viable tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo then slowly released to drive long-term transcription of cytokine-response genes. PMID: 28575659
36. Egr2 and 3 were essential to suppress Th1 differentiation in Th2 and Th17 conditions in vitro and also to control IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells in response to virus infection PMID: 28455436
37. intravital microscopy revealed IFNgamma-induced regression of the tumour vasculature, resulting in arrest of blood flow and subsequent collapse of tumours, similar to non-haemorrhagic necrosis in ischaemia PMID: 28445461
38. studies identify the requirement of IFN-gamma stimulation as a mechanism for BC-CML and AML GVL resistance, whereas independence from IFN-gamma renders CP-CML more GVL sensitive, even with a lower-level alloimmune response. PMID: 28604385
39. Results demonstrate that the influence of IFN-gamma on acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression may not be mediated by selection of nascent transformed cells but rather through a general suppressor of cytokine signaling -mediated reduction in B-cell precursor proliferation. PMID: 28295300
40. The results indicate that interferon-gamma is critical for the initial priming and differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes residing in the periphery to produce the most effect antitumor function within the eye. PMID: 26578649
41. The authors showed the synergistic negative regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and beta3 integrin signaling in murine hematopoietic stem cells function by a novel definitive phenotyping of hematopoietic stem cells. PMID: 28673932
42. We revealed that in mouse mesenchymal stem cells IFN-gamma-induced immunoregulation is mediated by early phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3, which is significantly enhanced by an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-dependent mTOR inhibition, thereby promoting pSTAT1 nuclear translocation. PMID: 27670240
43. this study showsthat the nature of the protective memory response depends closely on the route of infection and highlights the role of IFN-gamma-and IL-17RA-mediated responses in the control of mucosal infection by Brucella PMID: 27036913
44. Study showed that the intraperitoneal administration of the exogenous cytokines IFN-gamma (to promote M1 microglia ) and IL-4 (to promote M2 microglia) can correctly modulate the timing of the M1 to M2 ratio to affect epileptogenesis and to improve cognitive function in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. PMID: 27956120
45. findings show that bystander activation of T cells through TLRs leads to a short but biologically significant burst of IFN-gamma production, which relies exclusively on newly synthetized transcripts and energy generated by mitochondrial respiration PMID: 27016606
46. Study finds that a high proportion of intratumoral Nrp1-/- Tregs produce interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), which drives the fragility of surrounding wild-type Tregs, boosts anti-tumor immunity, and facilitates tumor clearance. PMID: 28552348
47. results demonstrate that Th1 cell-driven responses in the intestine during chronic helminth infection potently influence upstream hematopoietic processes in the Bone Marrow via IFN-gamma. PMID: 27594558
48. Data show that lactic acid in tumor microenvironments inhibited interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and intert=leukin-4 (IL4) productions from NKT cells by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. PMID: 27995420
49. These findings reveal an unexpected tolerogenic role for IFN-gamma during viral persistence in the liver, providing new mechanistic insights regarding the maintenance of systemic antigen-specific tolerance during HBV persistence. PMID: 27139489
50. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells promoted IFN-gamma and IL-17 mycoplasma-specific CD4+ T cell responses in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 27175511

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Secreted.

Type II (or gamma) interferon family

Released primarily from activated T lymphocytes.

KEGG: mmu:15978

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000063800

UniGene: Mm.240327