Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): CV%<8%
Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays):CV%<10%
Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.
線性度:
To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of human PSMD4 in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
Sample
Serum(n=4)
1:1
Average %
90
Range %
84-94
1:2
Average %
102
Range %
97-107
1:4
Average %
98
Range %
88-102
1:8
Average %
99
Range %
92-104
回收率:
The recovery of human PSMD4 spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.
Sample Type
Average % Recovery
Range
Serum (n=5)
98
91-102
EDTA plasma (n=4)
95
88-100
標準曲線:
These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.
Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMD4 acts as an ubiquitin receptor subunit through ubiquitin-interacting motifs and selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Displays a preferred selectivity for longer polyubiquitin chains.
基因功能參考文獻:
Preterm delivery is associated with low levels of anti-secretory factor in placenta. Inflammation, a potential trigger of preterm birth, is more pronounced in the preterm placenta and inversely related to the placental level of anti-secretory factor. PMID: 29265188
We therefore suggest that PSMD4 or b-catenin might be potential targets for suppressing tumor aggressiveness, and consequently, improving outcomes in patients whose tumors express cNrf2. PMID: 27033953
Binding (especially high-affinity binding) of non-ubiquitinated proteins to the Rpn10 proteasome subunit can both regulate the functioning of this proteasomal ubiquitin receptor (by competing with ubiquitinated substrates) and promote activation of other pathways for proteolytic degradation of proteins destined to the proteasome. PMID: 28988533
The platelet 26S proteasome exhibits different basal activities of its catalytic subunits and chymotrypsin-like activity is most prominently enhanced by calcium dependent signaling. Collagen stimulation enhances 26S proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity in platelets. PMID: 27768934
regulation of NY-ESO-1 processing by the ubiquitin receptors Rpn10 and Rpn13 as a well as by the standard and immunoproteasome is governed by non-canonical ubiquitination on non-lysine sites. PMID: 26903513
Not only AF1, but an entire proteasome complex, seems to be present in blood. PMID: 25897558
binds to death receptor-6, and induces monocyte cell line differentiation via NF-kB pathway PMID: 24829148
The VWA domain regulation of ubiquitin and Ubl binding to S5a is restricted to the 26S proteasome. PMID: 25318673
The degradation of TP53 and MDM2 by the proteasome can be selectively dependent on S5a in human cells. PMID: 24121268
To examine angiocidin expression in SMMC-7221 and HepG2 cells and the role of angiocidin in liver cancer cell growth. Angiocidin is highly expressed in liver cancer cells, and it may play a key role in tumor growth of liver cancers. PMID: 24250289
Authors demonstrate that human cytomegalovirus UL76 induces a novel nuclear aggresome, likely by subverting S5a of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. PMID: 23966401
One consequence of the interaction between E6/E6AP and S5a is enhanced ubiquitination of this proteasome subunit. PMID: 24074603
These studies suggest that diminished 26S activity in failing human hearts may be related ti impaired docking of the 19S to the 20S as a result of decreased Rpt subunit ATPase activity and alpha7 subunit phosphorylation. PMID: 23515276
identified the VWA domain of hRpn10 as a receptor for ubiquitin-like proteins within the 26S proteasome and elucidated how FAT10 mediates efficient proteolysis by the proteasome PMID: 22434192
Both higher PSMD4 expression levels and higher 1q21 copy numbers affected clinical outcome adversely. PMID: 21628408
results suggest that there is different substrate specificity between S5a and hRpn13 at the level of delivery and S5a may be the major docking site for ERAD substrates. PMID: 20417181
Overexpression of the S5a subunit of proteasome activator PA700 did not recover proteasome function in Huntington disease cells. S5a. PMID: 17327906
parkin Ubld uses differential surfaces to recruit UIM regions from the S5a proteasomal subunit compared with Eps15 involved in cell signaling. PMID: 19875440
S5a component of the 19S complex interacts with different ubiquitin-like (ubl) modules PMID: 11827521
HHr23a binds to this protein, which changes its own conformation. PMID: 14557549
structure of the ubiquitin-interacting motif of the proteasome subunit S5a bound to the ubiquitin-like domain of HR23B PMID: 14585839
Results report the structure of S5a (196-306) alone and complexed with two monoubiquitin molecules, and present a model for how S5a and other ubiquitin-binding proteins recognize polyubiquitin. PMID: 15826667
These results are consistent with the conclusion that the anti-tumor activity of angiocidin arises from its ability to ligate collagen and alpha2beta1 on endothelial cells and tumor cells. PMID: 16762342
UIM2 domain of S5a binds preferentially to hHR23a over polyubiquitin, and a model is provided for the ternary complex that represents one of the mechanisms used by the proteasome to capture ubiquitylated substrates. PMID: 17408689
results suggest that S5a is regulated during apoptosis at the transcriptional level and S5a upregulation by antiapoptotic signals can contribute to cell survival. PMID: 17459097
S5a-UIMs can be used as upstream inhibitors of the proteasome pathway. PMID: 17949686
In autoimmune disorders like MS, angiocidin activates T cells, macrophages, microglia & astrocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines and to stimulate antigen presentation. PMID: 18207252
angiocidin activates monocytes to secrete cytokines and differentiates them to a macrophage-like phenotype through at least two pathways mediated by MAPK and NF-kappaB, as well as PI3K PMID: 18632645
The presence of S5a in the reaction containing a substrate (luciferase), ubiquitination enzymes (an E2, UbcH5, and the U-box E3 ligase CHIP) and 26S proteasome significantly increased the rate of luciferase degradation. PMID: 19387488
Angiocidin's ability to elicit tumor cell death may be mediated in part by it's pro-inflammatory effects on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. PMID: 19519434
The binding of S5a to K48-linked diubiquitin is defined at an atomic level resolution. PMID: 19683493
Proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4 (also called subunit 5a) has two independent polyubiquitin binding sites whose sequences are highly conserved among higher eukaryotic orthologs. PMID: 9488668